root access or a regular user with sudo privileges<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nStep 1. Log in to your server via SSH<\/h1>\n\n\n\n First, you will need to log in to your AlmaLinux 9 VPS via SSH as the root user:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ssh root@IP_Address -p Port_number<\/pre>\n\n\n\nYou will need to replace ‘IP_Address’ and ‘Port_number’ with your server’s respective IP address and SSH port number. Additionally, replace ‘root’ with the username of the system user with sudo privileges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
You can check whether you have the proper AlmaLinux version installed on your server with the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# cat \/etc\/almalinux-release<\/pre>\n\n\n\n[root@almalinux8 ~]# cat \/etc\/almalinux-release \nAlmaLinux release 9.1 (Lime Lynx)<\/pre>\n\n\n\nWe will use ‘root’ in this article to execute the shell commands. If you want to use your own regular user with sudo privileges to run the commands, make sure to append ‘sudo’ in front of the commands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 2. Update the system<\/h1>\n\n\n\n Before starting, let’s check if all AlmaLinux OS packages installed on the server are up to date. You can do this by running the following commands:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# dnf update\n# dnf upgrade<\/pre>\n\n\n\nWe also need to install the additional packages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# dnf install epel-release git<\/pre>\n\n\n\nStep 3. Install PHP<\/h1>\n\n\n\n The latest Moodle version supports PHP 8, and AlmaLinux 9 ships PHP 8.0 in the repository. To install it, let’s execute the following command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# dnf install php-{bcmath,common,curl,fpm,gd,intl,mbstring,mysqlnd,soap,xml,xsl,zip,cli,devel,pear,json,opcache,sodium} libsodium libsodium-devel<\/pre>\n\n\n\nNow that PHP 8 and its extensions are installed, we need to modify the PHP variable max_input_vars. The default value is 1000, and we need to increase it by at least 5000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# nano \/etc\/php.ini<\/pre>\n\n\n\nThen, append this line below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
max_input_vars = 10000<\/pre>\n\n\n\nSave the file, then exit from the editor. And we can start PHP-FPM and enable it on boot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl enable --now php-fpm<\/pre>\n\n\n\nStep 4. Install and Configure Nginx<\/h1>\n\n\n\n In this tutorial, we will use nginx as the web server. Let’s create an nginx server block for our Moodle website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# nano \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/moodle.conf<\/pre>\n\n\n\nInsert the following into the file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
server{\n listen 80;\n server_name moodle.yourdomain.com;\n root \/opt\/moodle;\n index index.php;\n\n location \/ {\n try_files $uri $uri\/ \/index.php?$query_string;\n }\n\n location ~ ^(.+\\.php)(.*)$ {\n fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\\.php)(.*)$;\n fastcgi_index index.php;\n fastcgi_pass php-fpm;\n include \/etc\/nginx\/mime.types;\n include fastcgi_params;\n fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;\n fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;\n }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\nSave the file and exit from the nano editor. Do not forget to start and enable nginx.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl enable --now nginx<\/pre>\n\n\n\nStep 5. Install SSL\/TLS Certificate<\/h1>\n\n\n\n This is an optional but highly recommended step. We are going to use a free SSL\/TLS certificate from Let’s Encrypt for our Moodle website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
First, we need to install it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# dnf install python3-certbot-nginx<\/pre>\n\n\n\nNow, let’s generate an SSL\/TLS certificate for our Moodle website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# cerbot --nginx<\/pre>\n\n\n\nYou will be prompted to choose which website we are going to install the certificate for. In the example below, we only have one nginx server block.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@rh ~]# certbot --nginx\nSaving debug log to \/var\/log\/letsencrypt\/letsencrypt.log\n\nWhich names would you like to activate HTTPS for?\nWe recommend selecting either all domains, or all domains in a VirtualHost\/server block.\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n1: moodle.yourdomain.com\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\nSelect the appropriate numbers separated by commas and\/or spaces, or leave input\nblank to select all options shown (Enter 'c' to cancel): 1\nRequesting a certificate for moodle.yourdomain.com\n\nSuccessfully received certificate.\nCertificate is saved at: \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/moodle.yourdomain.com\/fullchain.pem\nKey is saved at: \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/moodle.yourdomain.com\/privkey.pem\nThis certificate expires on 2023-05-08.\nThese files will be updated when the certificate renews.\nCertbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background.\n\nDeploying certificate\nSuccessfully deployed certificate for moodle.yourdomain.com to \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/moodle.conf\nCongratulations! You have successfully enabled HTTPS on https:\/\/moodle.yourdomain.com\n\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\nIf you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:\n* Donating to ISRG \/ Let's Encrypt: https:\/\/letsencrypt.org\/donate\n* Donating to EFF: https:\/\/eff.org\/donate-le\n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<\/pre>\n\n\n\nThat’s it. An SSL\/TLS certificate has been issued and enabled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now, you will see that certbot also update your moodle nginx server block; it also redirects HTTP to HTTPS. You can confirm this by opening \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/moodle.conf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 6. Install MariaDB Server<\/h1>\n\n\n\n Moodle supports several database servers, and this time we are going to use MariaDB. Let’s run this command below to install the MariaDB server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# dnf install mariadb-server<\/pre>\n\n\n\nOnce installed, we can start the service and then create a database for this Moodle installation purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# systemctl enable --now mariadb<\/pre>\n\n\n\nAfter the service is running, we can run the commands below in the MariaDB shell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# mysql<\/pre>\n\n\n\nMariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE moodle DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;\nMariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'moodle'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'm0d1fyth15';\nMariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON moodle.* TO 'moodle'@'localhost';\nMariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;\nMariaDB [(none)]> \\q<\/pre>\n\n\n\nStep 7. Install Moodle<\/h1>\n\n\n\n In this tutorial, we are going to use Git to install Moodle. With this method, it will be easier to upgrade Moodle in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now, we are going to install Moodle in \/opt\/moodle<\/strong> and save the Moodle data in \/opt\/moodledata<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n# cd \/opt\n# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/moodle\/moodle.git<\/pre>\n\n\n\nThe command above will clone Moodle from the GitHub repository to \/opt\/moodle and you will see an output similar to this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[root@almalinux opt]# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/moodle\/moodle.git\nCloning into 'moodle'...\nremote: Enumerating objects: 1346551, done.\nremote: Counting objects: 100% (4\/4), done.\nremote: Compressing objects: 100% (4\/4), done.\nremote: Total 1346551 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 1346547\nReceiving objects: 100% (1346551\/1346551), 646.21 MiB | 7.88 MiB\/s, done.\nResolving deltas: 100% (948479\/948479), done.\nUpdating files: 100% (25395\/25395), done.<\/pre>\n\n\n\nOnce cloned, we can go into moodle directory then check the available Moodle branch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# cd moodle\/\n# git branch -a<\/pre>\n\n\n\nIt will show you an output like this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* master\nremotes\/origin\/HEAD -> origin\/master\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_13_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_14_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_15_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_16_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_17_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_18_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_19_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_20_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_21_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_22_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_23_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_24_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_25_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_26_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_27_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_28_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_29_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_30_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_310_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_311_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_31_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_32_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_33_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_34_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_35_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_36_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_37_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_38_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_39_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_400_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/MOODLE_401_STABLE\nremotes\/origin\/master<\/pre>\n\n\n\nChoose the latest stable branch, then checkout. At the time of writing this article, the last stable version is 401.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# git branch --track MOODLE_401_STABLE origin\/MOODLE_401_STABLE\n# git checkout MOODLE_401_STABLE<\/pre>\n\n\n\nFinally, check the status using this command below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# git status<\/pre>\n\n\n\nYou will see an output like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On branch MOODLE_401_STABLE\nYour branch is up to date with 'origin\/MOODLE_401_STABLE'.<\/pre>\n\n\n\nnothing to commit, working tree clean<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Not, it is time to change the file permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# mkdir -p \/opt\/moodledata\n# chown -R apache. \/opt\/moodle*<\/pre>\n\n\n\nSuppose you wonder why the permission is set to apache, not nginx. It is because PHP-FPM uses the user ‘apache’ by default. You can modify it to ‘nginx’. Just make sure to match the files\/directories ownership with php-fpm user.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now, it is time to go to https:\/\/moodle.yourdomain.com and finish the installation instruction wizard.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
Click Next to continue.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
Click Next again.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
In this step, we need to choose MariaDB instead of MySQL.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
In this step, you need to fill them in with the database credentials we created in the previous step. You can let the database port and unix socket empty, then click on the Next button.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
Click Continue<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Finally, you will be brought to the dashboard<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Step 8. Install Cron<\/h1>\n\n\n\n To make Moodle run properly, we need to configure Moodle cronjobs. Without setting it up, your Moodle website might not run properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# crontab -u apache -e<\/pre>\n\n\n\nAppend this line to the file editor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* * * * * \/usr\/bin\/php \/var\/www\/html\/moodle\/admin\/cli\/cron.php >\/dev\/null<\/pre>\n\n\n\nSave the file, then exit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
We trust that our article today successfully demonstrated how to install Moodle on AlmaLinux 9 in a straightforward and effective manner. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
We would now like to hear from you. Is there a detail you think we overlooked or a step you are unsure about that needs further clarification? Do you have suggestions for other guides or topics you’d like us to explore? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Please feel free to share your thoughts in the comment section below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Moodle is an open-source platform for online learning. It is a Learning Management System used by educational institutions that enable them to create online courses, training, learning and assignments. Originally, Moodle was known as an acronym for Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment. In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Moodle on AlmaLinux … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1795,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[207,260,13],"tags":[232,112],"class_list":["post-1794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide","category-linux","category-tutorials","tag-almalinux","tag-moodle"],"yoast_head":"\nHow to Install Moodle on AlmaLinux 9 | LinuxCloudVPS Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Moodle is an open-source platform for online learning. 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